Which term describes swelling due to fluid buildup in tissues?

• A. Ischemia
• B. Ecchymosis
• C. Edema
• D. Inflammation

Answer: (C)

Edema describes swelling caused by fluid buildup in the tissues. It happens when fluid leaks from capillaries into the interstitial spaces and isn’t adequately drained by the lymphatic system or reabsorbed into the bloodstream. This results in puffiness, often in the feet or ankles, and can be generalized or localized. This term specifically captures the situation of excess fluid in tissues, distinguishing it from ischemia (lack of blood flow), ecchymosis (a bruise from bleeding under the skin), and inflammation (the broader immune response that can include swelling among other signs).